Iwo makuru maitiro anokanganisa girazi kunyunguduka anowedzera kupfuura nhanho yekunyunguduka pachayo, sezvo ivo vachipesvedzerwa nemamiriro ekutanga-kunyunguduka senge mbishi yemhando yemhando, cullet kurapwa uye kutonga, mafuta zvivakwa, choto refractory zvinhu, kudzvanywa kwechoto, mamiriro ekunze, uye kusarudzwa kwevanofenda. Pazasi pane ongororo yakadzama yezvinhu izvi:
Ⅰ. Raw Material Kugadzirira uye Kudzora Kwemhando
1. Kemikari Kuumbwa kweBatch
SiO₂ uye Refractory Compounds: Zviri mukati meSiO₂, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, uye mamwe macommunication anokanganisa anokanganisa chiyero chekunyungudika. Zvepamusoro zvinowedzera tembiricha yekunyungudika inodiwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
Alkali Metal Oxides (semuenzaniso, Na₂O, Li₂O): Deredza tembiricha yekunyungudika. Li₂O, nekuda kweiyo ionic radius diki uye yakakwirira electronegativity, inonyanya kushanda uye inogona kuvandudza hunhu hwegirazi.
2. Batch Pre-Kurapwa
Kudzora Hunyoro:
Optimal Moisture (3% ~ 5%): Kunowedzera kunyorova uye kugadzirisa, kunoderedza guruva uye kupatsanurwa;
Kunyanya Kunyorova: Zvinokonzera kurema kukanganisa uye kuwedzera nguva yekufinha.
Particle Size Distribution:
Yakanyanyisa Coarse Particles: Inoderedza maitiro ekusangana nzvimbo, inowedzera nguva yekunyunguduka;
Yakawandisa Fine Particles: Inotungamira kune agglomeration uye electrostatic adsorption, ichitadzisa yunifomu kunyungudika.
3. Cullet Management
Cullet inofanirwa kuve yakachena, isina tsvina, uye inofananidza saizi yezvinyoro zvinyoro kudzivirira kuunza mabhuru kana masara asina kunyungudika.
Ⅱ. Furnace Designuye Fuel Properties
1. Refractory Material Selection
High-temperature erosion resistance: yakakwirira zirconium zvidhinha uye electrofused zirconium corundum zvidhinha (AZS) inofanira kushandiswa munzvimbo yemadziro edziva, muchoto pasi uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinosangana negirazi remvura, kuitira kuti kuderedza kukanganisa kwematombo kunokonzerwa nekuputika kwemakemikari uye kuputika.
Thermal kugadzikana: Ramba kuchinjika kwetembiricha uye dzivirira refractory spalling nekuda kwekuvhunduka kwekushisa.
2. Fuel uye Combustion Efficiency
Fuel calorific value uye combustion atmosphere (oxidizing/reducing) inofanira kufanana negirazi rinoumbwa. Semuyenzaniso:
Gasi Rakasikwa/Mafuta Anorema: Inoda kudzora chiyero chemhepo-mafuta kudzivirira masara e sulfide;
Kunyunguduka kweMagetsi: Inokodzera kunyungudika kwepamusoro-soro (semuenzaniso,girazi remaziso) asi inopedza simba rakawanda.
Ⅲ. Melting Process Parameter Optimization
1. Kudzora Tembiricha
Melting Temperature (1450 ~ 1500 ℃): Kuwedzera 1℃ kwetembiricha kunogona kusimudza mwero wekunyungudika ne1%, asi kukukurwa kunoramba kuchipeta kaviri. Kuenzana pakati pekushanda zvakanaka uye hupenyu hwemidziyo hunodiwa.
Kugovera Kwetembiricha: Kudzora kwegradient munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevira (kunyunguduka, kucheneswa, kutonhora) kwakakosha kudzivirira kupisa kwenzvimbo kana masara asina kunyungudika.
2. Atmosphere uye Kudzvinyirira
Oxidizing Atmosphere: Inosimudzira organic kuora asi inogona kuwedzera sulfide oxidation;
Kuderedza Atmosphere: Inodzvanya Fe³+ coloration (yegirazi isina ruvara) asi inoda kudzivirira kabhoni deposition;
Furnace Pressure Stability: Slight positive pressure (+2 ~ 5 Pa) inodzivirira kutonhora kwemhepo uye inova nechokwadi chekubvisa bubble.
3.Fining Agents uye Fluxes
Fluorides (semuenzaniso, CaF₂): Deredza kunyunguduka viscosity uye mhanyisa kubviswa kwebubble;
Nitrates (semuenzaniso, NaNO₃): Bvisa oksijeni kuti ikurudzire oxidative fining;
Composite Fluxes**: semuenzaniso, Li₂CO₃ + Na₂CO₃, synergistically inodzika tembiricha yekunyungudika.
Ⅳ. Dynamic Monitoring yeKunyunguduka
1. Melt Viscosity uye Fluidity
Chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa uchishandisa inotenderera viscometers kugadzirisa tembiricha kana flux ratios kune akanakisa kuumba mamiriro.
2. Bubble Kubvisa Kubudirira
Kucherechedzwa kwekuparadzirwa kwebubble uchishandisa X-ray kana nzira dzekufungidzira kukwirisa fining agent dosage uye kumanikidza kwechoto.
Ⅴ. Nyaya Dzakajairika uye Matanho ekuvandudza
| Matambudziko | Root Chikonzero | The Solution |
| Matombo egirazi (Zvimedu Zvisina Kunyunguduka) | Zvimedu zvakakora kana kusasanganiswa zvakanaka | Gadzirisa particle size, wedzera pre-musanganiswa |
| Residual Bubbles | Kusakwanirisa fining agent kana pressure fluctuations | Wedzera fluoride dosage, kudzikamisa choto kumanikidza |
| Kukukurwa kwakasimba kweRefractory | Tembiricha yakawandisa kana zvinhu zvisingaenderani | Shandisa yakakwirira-zirconia zvidhinha, kuderedza tembiricha gradients |
| Mitsetse uye Kukanganisa | Kusakwana homogenization | Wedzera homogenization nguva, wedzera kusimudzira |
Mhedziso
Kunyungudika kwegirazi kunokonzerwa nekuwirirana pakati pezvinhu zvakabikwa, zvishandiso, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa. Zvinoda kungwarira manejimendi emakemikari ekugadzira dhizaini, particle size optimization, refractory zvinhu kukwidziridzwa, uye ine simba process parameter control. Nezvesainzi kugadzirisa mafambiro, kudzikamisa nharaunda yekunyunguduka (tembiricha / kudzvanywa / mhepo), uye kushandisa nzira dzakasimba dzekufena, kunyunguduka kwakanaka uye kunaka kwegirazi kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, nepo kushandiswa kwesimba uye mari yekugadzira inoderedzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-14-2025
